The fatal shooting of a woman by an immigration officer in Minneapolis on Wednesday marks the fifth death resulting from the intensified U.S. immigration enforcement operations launched by the Trump administration last year.

According to the Department of Homeland Security, the officer fired in self-defense after 37-year-old Renee Nicole Macklin Good allegedly attempted to run down officers with her vehicle. Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey has contested this account, stating that video footage of the incident reveals the shooting to be “reckless and unnecessary.”

The Minneapolis incident occurs amid a significant escalation of immigration enforcement in Minnesota, where federal authorities are deploying an estimated 2,000 agents and officers. This expansion reflects the broader nationwide intensification of immigration operations under the current administration.

This latest fatality follows a pattern of deaths associated with immigration enforcement activities. Last September, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents fatally shot a man outside Chicago. Two additional deaths have resulted from individuals being struck by vehicles while attempting to flee from immigration authorities, and a California farmworker died after falling from a greenhouse during an ICE raid in July 2023.

No officers or agents have faced criminal charges in connection with any of these deaths.

One of these cases involved Silverio Villegas González, a 38-year-old line cook from Mexico, who was fatally shot during a traffic stop on September 12 in suburban Chicago. DHS officials claimed Villegas González, who had just dropped off his child at daycare that morning, had a history of reckless driving and had entered the country illegally. They alleged he evaded arrest and dragged an officer with his vehicle.

While federal authorities reported the officer fired in fear for his life and sustained “serious injuries,” local police body camera footage later revealed the agent walking around after the incident, describing his own injuries as “nothing major.” Homeland Security maintains the case remains under investigation.

In another Chicago-area incident, Marimar Martinez survived being shot five times by a Border Patrol agent but subsequently faced felony charges after officials accused her of attempting to ram agents with her vehicle. These charges were later dismissed when video evidence emerged that Martinez’s legal team said showed an agent steering his vehicle into Martinez’s truck.

The agricultural sector has also seen casualties during immigration operations. On July 10, Jaime Alanis, a 57-year-old laborer from Mexico, fell from a greenhouse roof at Glass House Farms in Camarillo, California, during an ICE raid. He broke his neck in the 30-foot fall and died two days later at a hospital. Alanis had worked at the licensed cannabis and vegetable farm for a decade, regularly sending earnings to support his family in Mexico.

DHS officials stated Alanis was never in custody and was not being pursued when he climbed onto the greenhouse. The raid had targeted dozens of farmworkers at the facility.

In another incident on August 14, a man identified as Roberto Carlos Montoya Valdez, a 52-year-old from Guatemala, died after being struck by an SUV while attempting to cross Interstate 210 near a Home Depot in Monrovia, California. Police reported he was fleeing from ICE agents conducting enforcement operations when he ran onto the freeway and was hit by a vehicle traveling at approximately 50-60 mph. Though federal authorities claimed Montoya Valdez wasn’t being actively pursued when he ran, the incident occurred during an immigration enforcement operation.

A similar tragedy occurred in Norfolk, Virginia, on October 23, when Josué Castro Rivera, a 24-year-old Honduran man, was fatally struck by a pickup truck on Interstate 264 while attempting to escape immigration authorities during a traffic stop. Castro Rivera, who had been in the U.S. for four years working as a gardener and sending money to family in Honduras, was traveling with three passengers to a job site when ICE officers pulled over his vehicle.

DHS described the stop as part of a “targeted, intelligence-based” operation, claiming Castro Rivera “resisted heavily and fled.” His brother later told reporters that Castro Rivera had been working to financially support relatives in Honduras.

These incidents highlight the increasingly dangerous dynamics surrounding immigration enforcement operations as the administration continues to expand and intensify its crackdown efforts nationwide.